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Material Properties
Ferrous Metals
Material – Features
| Material | Features |
|---|---|
| 1018 Carbon Steel | A rolled steel material widely used for general structural applications. The name is derived from its tensile strength of 400 N/mm^2 or higher. It is characterized by low cost and good workability and is used in a wide range of industries including machinery and construction. |
| 1018 Carbon Steel (annealed material) | SS400 that has undergone annealing (heating to high temperature followed by slow cooling). The annealing relieves residual stress, reducing the risk of warping or distortion. Suitable for parts with high material removal rates or complex shapes. |
| 1018 Carbon Steel (polished) | A polished SS400 featuring a smooth surface. A standard widely available and cost effective material. Mechanical properties are equivalent to SS400, and it is often used for parts where appearance is prioritized over precision. |
| 1045 Carbon Steel (polished) | A polished S45C featuring a smooth surface. A standard widely available and cost effective material. Mechanical properties are equivalent to S45C. |
| 1049 Carbon Steel | A structural carbon steel containing approximately 0.5% carbon. It is relatively easy to machine and can be heat treated (quenching, etc.) to improve strength and wear resistance. |
| 1049 Carbon Steel or Equivalent (tempered material) | S50C material that is hardened and tempered increasing hardness and removing residual stress and distortion. It offers a good balance of hardness and toughness, making it suitable for parts requiring strength and wear resistance. |
| 4140 Alloy Steel | A material that combines high strength and toughness. It can be Heat treated (quenching, etc.) to improve strength and wear resistance. It is used for products that require both strength and durability and is often used in the automotive and mechanical parts industries. |
Material Properties *The following values are for reference only and are not guaranteed.
| Material | Tensile strength (N/mm2) | Yield (N/mm2) | Elongation at Break % | Flexural strength (N/mm2) | Compressive strength (N/mm2) | Yield point (N/mm2) | Young’s Modulus (N/mm2) | Flexural modulusa (N/mm2) | Specific Gravity | Electrical Conductivity (S/m) | Thermal Conductivity (W/m・K) | Coefficient of Linear Expansion (/℃) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
400~510 | 215~355 | 21 or more | 360~485 | 380~485 | 215~355 | 2.0×10⁵ | 2.0×10⁵ | 7.87 | 6.96×10⁶ | 58 | 11.7×10⁻⁶ |
| 1018 Carbon Steel (annealed material) | 400~510 | 215~355 | 21 or more | 360~485 | 380~485 | 215~355 | 2.0×10⁵ | 2.0×10⁵ | 7.87 | 6.96×10⁶ | 58 | 11.7×10⁻⁶ |
| 1045 Carbon Steel (polished) | 570~750 | 330~490 | 20 or more | 600 | 600 | 330~490 | 2.0×10⁵ | 2.0×10⁵ | 7.87 | 6.0×10⁶ | 45 | 11.9×10⁻⁶ |
| 1049 Carbon Steel | 620~780 | 350~520 | 18 or more | 650 | 650 | 350~520 | 2.0×10⁵ | 2.0×10⁵ | 7.8 | 6.0×10⁶ | 44 | 11.7×10⁻⁶ |
| 1049 Carbon Steel or Equivalent (tempered material) | 700~850 | 400~600 | 18 or more | 700 | 700 | 400~600 | 2.0×10⁵ | 2.0×10⁵ | 7.8 | 6.0×10⁶ | 44 | 11.7×10⁻⁶ |
| 4140 Alloy Steel | 950~1100 | 800~950 | 12 or more | 1000 | 1000 | 800~950 | 2.1×10⁵ | 2.1×10⁵ | 7.85 | 6.0×10⁶ | 42.7 | 11.0×10⁻⁶ |
Pre-Hardened Steel
Material – Features
| Material | Features |
|---|---|
| NAK55 or equivalent | A pre-hardened steel that has undergone heat treatment before processing and is manufactured by Daido Special Steel. It features high hardness (HRC37~43) and good machinability. It is used for products that require strength, wear resistance and precision and is often used in mold making and machinery industries. |
| D2 tool steel | A type of alloy tool steel featuring high hardness and wear resistance. Strength and wear resistance can be improved with heat treatment (quenching, etc.). Although lower than stainless steel, its corrosion resistance is still relatively high. It is often used for molds, jigs, gauges, and other products that require hardness and wear resistance. |
Material Properties *The following values are for reference only and are not guaranteed.
| Material | Tensile strength (N/mm2) | Yield (N/mm2) | Elongation at Break % | Flexural strength (N/mm2) | Compressive strength (N/mm2) | Yield point (N/mm2) | Young’s Modulus (N/mm2) | Flexural modulusa (N/mm2) | Specific Gravity | Electrical Conductivity (S/m) | Thermal Conductivity (W/m・K) | Coefficient of Linear Expansion (/℃) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NAK55 or equivalent | 1100~1300 | 950~1150 | 10 or more | 1200 | 1200 | 950~1150 | 2.1×10⁵ | 2.1×10⁵ | 7.8 | 5.0×10⁶ | 30 | 11.5×10⁻⁶ |
| D2 tool steel | 1800~2000 | 1500~1700 | 5 or more | 1900 | 1900 | 1500~1700 | 2.1×10⁵ | 2.1×10⁵ | 7.8 | 4.0×10⁶ | 20 | 12×10⁻⁶ |
Aluminum
Material – Features
| Material | Features |
|---|---|
| 2017 Aluminum Alloy | Also known as “Duralumin”, this aluminum alloy has excellent machinability and strength. Due to its copper content, it has lower corrosion resistance than other aluminum alloys. It is widely used in aircraft and vehicle components due to its excellent strength. |
| 5052 Aluminum Alloy | One of the most common aluminum alloys with excellent machinability and corrosion resistance. Due to its versatility and ease of use it is widely used across many industries. |
| 5083 Aluminum Alloy | An aluminum alloy with improved corrosion resistance compared to 5052. It can be used in harsh environments with high saltwater and chemical concentrations. It is often used for marine components. |
| 6061 Aluminum Alloy | An aluminum alloy with enhanced corrosion resistance and heat treatment properties. Its corrosion resistance is one of the highest among aluminum alloys. The T6 temper (artificial aging heat treatment) provides high tensile and yield strength. It is often used in outdoor and harsh saltwater or chemical environments. |
| 6063 Aluminum Alloy (polished) | A standard aluminum alloy material that is easily extruded. It is not as strong as 6061. It is often used for construction, structural, and machine parts such as angles and channels. |
| 7075 Aluminum Alloy | Also known as “super duralumin” this aluminum alloy is both high strength and light weight. It has excellent heat treatment properties. Its strength and impact resistance are among the highest among aluminum alloys. It is an ideal material for applications that require a high strength to weight ratio. |
Material Properties *The following values are for reference only and are not guaranteed.
| Material | Tensile strength (N/mm2) | Yield (N/mm2) | Elongation at Break % | Flexural strength (N/mm2) | Compressive strength (N/mm2) | Yield point (N/mm2) | Young’s Modulus (N/mm2) | Flexural modulusa (N/mm2) | Specific Gravity | Electrical Conductivity (S/m) | Thermal Conductivity (W/m・K) | Coefficient of Linear Expansion (/℃) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 Aluminum Alloy | 390~500 | 250~350 | 10–18 | 450 | 450 | 250~350 | 7.2×10⁴ | 7.2×10⁴ | 2.79 | 2.0×10⁷ | 130 | 23.6×10⁻⁶ |
| 5052 Aluminum Alloy | 210~265 | 125~190 | 12–20 | 230 | 230 | 125~190 | 7.0×10⁴ | 7.0×10⁴ | 2.68 | 2.5×10⁷ | 138 | 23.8×10⁻⁶ |
| 5083 Aluminum Alloy | 270~350 | 150~250 | 10–20 | 300 | 300 | 150~250 | 7.0×10⁴ | 7.0×10⁴ | 2.66 | 2.5×10⁷ | 121 | 25.0×10⁻⁶ |
| 6061 Aluminum Alloy | 260~310 | 240~270 | 8–15 | 280 | 280 | 240~270 | 6.9×10⁴ | 6.9×10⁴ | 2.7 | 2.5×10⁷ | 167 | 23.6×10⁻⁶ |
| 6063 Aluminum Alloy (polished) | 190~240 | 150~200 | 12–25 | 210 | 210 | 150~200 | 6.9×10⁴ | 6.9×10⁴ | 2.7 | 2.5×10⁷ | 201 | 23.5×10⁻⁶ |
| 7075 Aluminum Alloy | 510~580 | 430~500 | 7–12 | 550 | 550 | 430~500 | 7.1×10⁴ | 7.1×10⁴ | 2.8 | 2.0×10⁷ | 130 | 23.6×10⁻⁶ |
Stainless Steel
Material – Features
| Material | Features |
|---|---|
| 303 Stainless Steel | An austenitic stainless steel with improved machinability and workability. It maintains high corrosion resistance and strength while offering excellent machinability, making it suitable for complex machine components. Corrosion resistance and weldability are lower than 304SS. It is often used for single parts such as bolts and shafts. |
| 303 Stainless Steel (annealed) | A 303SS that has been annealed (heated at high temperature and slowly cooled). The annealing relieves residual stress, reducing the risk of warping or distortion. Suitable for parts with high material removal rates or complex shapes. |
| 304 Stainless Steel | An austenitic stainless steel with improved corrosion resistance and weldability. It is a versatile widely available material used in various industries. Because of its excellent weldability, high corrosion resistance and strength, it is often used for facilities, equipment, and machinery. |
| 304 Stainless Steel (annealed) | A 304SS that has been annealed (heated at high temperature and slowly cooled). The annealing relieves residual stress, reducing the risk of warping or distortion. Suitable for parts with high material removal rates or complex shapes. |
| 304 Stainless Steel (polished) | A polished 304SS featuring a smooth surface. A standard widely available and cost effective material. Mechanical properties are equivalent to 304SS. |
| 316 Stainless Steel | An austenitic stainless steel with improved corrosion and pitting resistance compared to 304SS. It is suitable for harsh environments exposed to salt water and chemicals. Often used when corrosion may lead to critical failures. |
| 430 Stainless Steel | A magnetic ferritic stainless alloy. Unlike austenitic stainless steels, it does not contain nickel and has low corrosion resistance. Due to its versatility and availability it is widely used in everyday applications, including the food industry. |
Material Properties *The following values are for reference only and are not guaranteed.
| Material | Tensile strength (N/mm2) | Yield (N/mm2) | Elongation at Break % | Flexural strength (N/mm2) | Compressive strength (N/mm2) | Yield point (N/mm2) | Young’s Modulus (N/mm2) | Flexural modulusa (N/mm2) | Specific Gravity | Electrical Conductivity (S/m) | Thermal Conductivity (W/m・K) | Coefficient of Linear Expansion (/℃) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 303 Stainless Steel | 520~750 | 205 or more | 40–60 | 600 | 600 | 205~310 | 1.93×10⁵ | 1.93×10⁵ | 7.93 | 1.4×10⁶ | 16.2 | 17.3×10⁻⁶ |
| 303 Stainless Steel (annealed) | 500~700 | 200 or more | 45–65 | 580 | 580 | 200~300 | 1.93×10⁵ | 1.93×10⁵ | 7.93 | 1.4×10⁶ | 16.2 | 17.3×10⁻⁶ |
|
520~750 | 205 or more | 40–60 | 600 | 600 | 205~310 | 1.93×10⁵ | 1.93×10⁵ | 7.93 | 1.4×10⁶ | 16.2 | 17.3×10⁻⁶ |
| 304 Stainless Steel (annealed) | 500~700 | 200 or more | 45–65 | 580 | 580 | 200~300 | 1.93×10⁵ | 1.93×10⁵ | 7.93 | 1.4×10⁶ | 16.2 | 17.3×10⁻⁶ |
| 316 Stainless Steel | 520~700 | 205 or more | 40–60 | 580 | 580 | 200~300 | 1.93×10⁵ | 1.93×10⁵ | 7.98 | 1.3×10⁶ | 13 | 15.9×10⁻⁶ |
| 430 Stainless Steel | 450~600 | 205 or more | 20–30 | 500 | 500 | 250~350 | 2.0×10⁵ | 2.0×10⁵ | 7.7 | 1.0×10⁶ | 26 | 10.４×10⁻⁶ |
Resin
Material – Features
| Material | Features |
|---|---|
| Acetal (standard, white) | An engineering plastic known as POM or Delrin. It has high mechanical strength, wear resistance and chemical resistance. It has excellent machinability and low cost. Compared to MC nylon, it has lower water absorption and higher wear resistance. It has excellent dimensional stability over long-term use. |
| Acetal (standard, black) | |
| MC Nylon (standard, blue) | Provides excellent mechanical strength, chemical resistance (except strong acids), thermal properties, and wear resistance. Due to its high water absorption, dimensional stability is relatively poor. |
| MC Nylon (standard, ivory) | |
| MC Nylon (Conductivity, black) | A grade of MC Nylon with increased electrical conductivity and a volume resistivity of 1~100Ω・m. Due to its inherent water absorption, dimensional changes may occur in wet environments. It is more expensive than anti-static MC Nylon. |
| MC Nylon (Anti-static, black) | A grade of MC Nylon that prevents static electricity buildup. The volume resistivity is 10~1000kΩ・m, which is higher than that of conductive MC nylon. It is also cheaper than conductive MC nylon. Dimensional changes may occur due to its water absorption if used in a wet environment. |
| MC Nylon (weather resistance, black ash) | A weather resistant grade of MC nylon that resists deterioration to exposure in outdoor environments. Dimensional changes may occur due to its water absorption if used in a wet environment. |
| Bakelite (Paper, natural color) | A thermoset laminated material with excellent heat resistance and mechanical strength that is relatively inexpensive. The strength varies depending on the direction of the applied forces relative to the lamination direction. It is not prone to warping but has high water absorption. It is brittle and has poor impact resistance. |
| Bakelite (Paper, black) | |
| Bakelite (Cloth, natural) | Bakelite with cloth as the laminated base material instead of paper. It has high strength and excellent mechanical properties. It is more expensive than paper bakelite. The strength varies depending on the direction of the applied forces relative to the lamination direction. It is not prone to warping but has high water absorption. It is brittle and has poor impact resistance. |
| PTFE (standard, white) | A type of fluoropolymer that has very high heat resistance, chemical resistance, and cold resistance as well as low friction. It has low hardness compared with other resins and is prone to burrs. Can be used at a wide range of temperatures but high thermal expansion causes the volume to change greatly with temperature. Dimensional stability is poor. It is suitable for environments exposed to chemicals and high-temperature. |
| UHMWPE (standard, white) | A polyethylene with a molecular weight of more than 1 million g/mole. It has low specific gravity, high wear resistance, shock absorption, low friction, and is lower cost than PTFE. It has high thermal expansion and poor dimensional stability. It has a rough surface finish and is difficult to remove burrs from edges. |
| UHMWPE (conductive, black) | An electrically conductive version of UHMWPE. It has low specific gravity, high wear resistance, shock absorption and low friction. It has high thermal expansion and poor dimensional stability. It has a rough surface finish and is difficult to remove burrs from edges. |
| ABS (standard, natural color) | A cost-effective resin with excellent mechanical strength and particularly high impact resistance and shock absorption. It has excellent machinability and can be bonded. |
| PEEK (standard, gray-brown) | A thermoplastic with the highest heat resistance and mechanical strength. It has very high dimensional stability, chemical resistance, and wear resistance. It is resistant to most acids, bases, and organic solvents, even at high temperatures. It is also an expensive material. |
| PP (standard, white) | The lightest and least expensive available resin. It has excellent wear resistance, water resistance, chemical resistance, and electrical insulation. It has the highest heat resistance among general-purpose resins. It is hard and has a high tensile strength. It is difficult to bond and print because of its chemical resistance. It has poor weather resistance, deteriorates in sunlight, and becomes brittle at low temperatures. |
| PET (glass filled, brown) | A composite PET material filled with short glass fibers and inorganic fillers. It has excellent heat resistance, electrical properties, strength, and dimensional stability compared to thermoplastic resins such as nylon and polyacetal. It has excellent water absorption, electrical properties, and machinability but it has low wear resistance. |
| PPS (standard, natural color) | A super engineering plastic with excellent heat resistance, dimensional stability, chemical resistance, mechanical strength, and wear resistance. It is resistant to most chemicals below 200°C and has similar heat resistance as PEEK but with a lower price. It has low water absorption and thermal expansion and has excellent dimensional stability. |
Material Properties *The following values are for reference only and are not guaranteed.
| Material | Tensile strength (N/mm2) | Flexural strength (N/mm2) | Elongation at Break % | Young’s Modulus (N/mm2) | Rockwell hardness | Specific Gravity | Continuous use temperature ℃ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
60~68 | 89~108 | 40~75 | 2988 | R118 | 1.41 | 95~100 |
|
96 | 110 | 30 | 3432 | R120 | 1.16 | 120 |
| MC Nylon (Conductivity, black) | 69 | 118 | 10 | 2500–2700 | R119 | 1.2 | 120 |
| MC Nylon (Anti-static, black) | 75 | 118 | 7 | 2500–2700 | R117 | 1.23 | 120 |
| MC Nylon (weather resistance, black ash) | 83 | 110 | 40 | 3334 | R120 | 1.16 | 120 |
|
100~150 | 110~200 | 1.0-2.0 | 7600~9700 | M110±10 | 1.35 | 150~180 |
| Bakelite (Cloth, natural) | 65~110 | 98~167 | 1.0-2.0 | 7600~9700 | M115±10 | 1.35 | 150~180 |
| PTFE (standard, white) | 13.7~34.3 | – | 200~400 | 400~600 | R20 | 2.2 | 260 |
| UHMWPE (standard, white) | 21~45 | 22~26 | 300 or more | 500~826 | R50-56 | 0.94 | 80 |
| UHMWPE (conductive, black) | 35 | 25 | 300 or more | 913 | R52-60 | 0.95 | 80 |
| ABS (standard, natural color) | 39~54 | 64~81 | 18 | 1900-2800 | R105~115 | 1.05 | 60~95 |
| PEEK (standard, gray-brown) | 98-116 | 170-175 | 20-40 | 4200-4345 | M100-120 | 1.32 | 250~260 |
| PP (standard, white) | 33-34 | 51 | 33 | 1400 | R126 | 0.91 | 100 |
| PET (glass filled, brown) | 95~110 (Length) / 55~65 (Width) | 190~220 (Length) / 95~125 (Width) | 2.4 (Length) / 1.9 (Width) | ー | R120 | 1.63~1.74 | 120 |
| PPS (standard, natural color) | 79-85 | 128-142 | 23-27 | 3300 | M95-100 | 1.35 | 220 |